An Appraisal of the Available Water Supply Sources for Future Development in Gubi Campus of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria

Abstract

Water availability and quality are critical determinants of sustainable institutional growth, 
particularly in rapidly expanding university environments. This study assessed the available 
water supply sources at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Gubi Campus, Bauchi, 
Nigeria, with the objective of evaluating their capacity, quality, reliability, and long-term 
sustainability in meeting current and future water demands associated with campus 
development. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, integrating quantitative and qualitative 
data obtained through structured questionnaire administration to 245 respondents, 
laboratory analysis of water samples collected from major supply sources, and systematic 
field observations of existing water infrastructure. The findings indicate that groundwater 
abstracted through boreholes constitutes the principal source of water supply across the 
campus. Despite its strategic importance, respondents reported recurring challenges related 
to inadequate water availability, intermittent supply, and concerns regarding water quality, 
particularly during periods of increased demand. Physicochemical analysis revealed that key 
water quality parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and selected heavy 
metals, were within the permissible limits recommended for potable water, indicating 
acceptable chemical quality. However, microbiological assessment identified evidence of 
microbial contamination, suggesting potential public health risks and the need for enhanced 
treatment and monitoring measures. Perception analysis further revealed widespread 
dissatisfaction among users, with a significant proportion of respondents considering the 
available water unsafe for direct consumption. Participants emphasized the need for 
upgrading water infrastructure, improving treatment facilities, expanding storage capacity, 
and adopting alternative water sources such as rainwater harvesting systems. The study 
concludes that while existing borehole systems provide a viable foundation for campus water 
supply, achieving long-term water security will require the implementation of an integrated 
water management framework that combines technological innovation, infrastructural 
expansion, routine water quality monitoring, and supportive institutional policies to ensure 
reliable, safe, and sustainable water access for the growing university community.