Quantification of Atmospheric Black Carbon in Al-Zubair City

Abstract

The present research commenced in the year 2025 and extended into 2026, during which the city of Al-Zubair was segmented into four stations aligned with the four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. The levels of black carbon and carbon dioxide were assessed at these four locations during the four seasons. The levels of black carbon at the Shuayba station were recorded as follows:(spring - 4201, summer - 4891, autumn - 3579, winter - 5102 micrograms/m³). The quantification of carbon dioxide gas levels at the station was (spring-378/ summer-402/ autumn-381/ winter-409 ppm). The findings from the study assessing black carbon at the Al-Burjisia station were (spring-3701/summer-6172/fall-5258/winter-4871), whilst the carbon dioxide measurements yielded (spring-401/summer-378/fall-397/winter-423). The levels of black carbon at the poultry station were (spring-2881/summer-2732/fall-2976/winter-4129). The levels of carbon dioxide gas were (spring-379/summer-361/fall-355/winter-382). The quantification of black carbon levels at the monitoring Al-Khatwa station is detailed as: (Spring-6271 / Summer-4029 / Autumn-5238 / Winter-6672). The levels of carbon dioxide gas were recorded as follows: (Spring-430 / Summer-398 / Autumn-381 / Winter-436).