Geochemistry and geotechnical characterization of some clay deposits within Bima Sandstone from Girei and Environs Yola sub-basin, Upper Benue Trough, Northeastern Nigeria

Abstract

This paper presents the geochemistry and geotechnical properties of some clays depos
ited within sandstones of the Bima Formation in Girei and Environs. The aim is to under
stand their economic potentials for the national development. The study area falls within 
latitudes 9°20' N to 9°25' N and Longitudes 12°30' E to 12°34' E with aerial extent of 
about 60 km2. Field work was carried out systematically in the study area whereby clay 
samples within the Bima Sandstone were collected for the purpose of laboratory analy
sis. The X-ray fluorescence and geotechnical analysis carried out on the samples showed 
the average concentration of silica to be 69.55%, while iron oxide (4.5%) and low water 
absorption, low plasticity index, respectively. The concentration of the oxides suggests 
that the clays from the study area are unsuitable for refractory fired clays and production 
of high-grade ceramic materials; however, they can be used for burnt bricks and tradi
tional ceramics production.