A Three-dimensional predator-prey model with fear effect and food subsidy stability analysis

Abstract

Abstract: The Holling-II stage-structured predator-prey system in which predators are classified as immature or mature is the subject of this research. In a prey-predator model that incorporates intraspecific competitions, the goal is to investigate the effects of the prey's terror brought on by the dread of the mature predator. Pregnant female predators and prey shelters are present. The theoretical study demonstrated that the prey's anxiety may result in improved stability at the positive equilibrium point and included both local and global stability analysis at the system's three equilibrium points. Applying a minor perturbation and linearizing the set of formulas surrounding every equilibrium point, we examine the outcome to see whether the model systems revert to their initial state. We develop a three-dimensional prey–predator system that considers the effects of fear and time management and age structure in the predator population. By examining a stubby traits and global dynamics of predator-prey systems under a combined influence of these variables, a current study aims to build on these advancements .The accuracy of the theoretical results was confirmed by numerical analysis, which also confirmed the system's stability criteria close to the non-trivial equilibrium points