Assessment of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation from Selected Microwave Ovens within Sokoto Metropolis.

Abstract

This study investigates the potential health risks posed by electromagnetic radiation emitted 
from microwave ovens commonly used in homes and offices for cooking and reheating food. 
With the widespread use of microwave ovens in modern society, concerns have arisen about 
the potential biological effects of prolonged exposure to the electromagnetic fields (EMFs) 
they generate during operation. To assess these risks, electromagnetic field measurements 
were conducted on selected microwave ovens located in residential areas across Sokoto 
Metropolis, Nigeria. Data collection involved measuring electric field strength, magnetic field 
intensity, and power density using a GQ EMF-390 handheld electromagnetic field meter. This 
instrument is capable of detecting EMF components in multiple directions and at various 
distances, providing a comprehensive assessment of radiation exposure levels. For each 
microwave oven, average values of the electric field, magnetic field, and power density were 
recorded during normal operation. These values were then used to compute the Specific 
Absorption Rate (SAR), which quantifies the amount of electromagnetic energy absorbed by 
human tissue. The results revealed a maximum SAR value of 3.1 W/kg, which far exceeds the 
maximum permissible limit of 0.08 W/kg for localized skin exposure as recommended by the 
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). This significant 
discrepancy raises concerns about the potential health implications of exposure to radiation 
from these appliances, particularly when users stand close to operating ovens or use them 
frequently over extended periods. The findings suggest that microwave ovens, if not properly 
shielded or used with caution, can emit radiation levels that may pose substantial health risks. 
This study highlights the urgent need for increased public awareness, adherence to safety 
guidelines, and possibly stricter regulatory enforcement regarding microwave oven design and 
usage. Further research is recommended to explore long-term biological effects and to 
evaluate radiation exposure in different settings and usage conditions.