SPATIAL ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION HOTSPOTS AND HEALTH RISKS FROM IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL IN GWAGWALADA, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study investigates how improper waste disposal drives environmental pollution hotspots and health risks in Gwagwalada, Nigeria. Gwagwalada is undergoing rapid urbanization and population growth, which have strained its waste management system. Common practices such as open dumping and burning of waste have led to widespread soil, air, and water pollution. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines household surveys and spatial analysis, the study assessed residents' perceptions of environmental degradation, quantified economic costs, and identified socio-economic factors influencing waste disposal behaviors. Results reveal extensive pollution hotspots, high public health risks—including elevated rates of respiratory and waterborne diseases–as well as substantial economic impacts on healthcare, property values,, and agricultural productivity. The findings also highlight that existing waste infrastructure is inadequate, and that factors such as education level, income, and community engagement strongly shapes waste disposal practices. It recommends an integrated strategy to address these issues, including investment in formal infrastructure, public health outreach, environmental education, and community-based waste management programs. This research provides localized evidence to inform policies aimed at sustainable urban development and enhanced public health resilience in Gwagwalada.