Geochemistry, Origin and Industrial Applications of Kaolin from Getso, Kano State, Northwestern Nigeria.

Abstract

This study investigates the major and trace-element geochemistry of the Getso kaolin 
deposit with the aim of constraining its origin and evaluating its industrial potential. 
The study area is underlain predominantly by low-lying mica schist and psammitic 
schist, with minor quartzite occurrences confined to the southeastern part near Getso 
town. These schistose lithologies have undergone intense tropical weathering, resulting 
in the development of thick regolith profiles composed mainly of kaolin and lateritic 
clay. Geochemical analyses indicate that the kaolin is enriched in SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, with 
concentrations ranging from 57.50–68.60 wt.% and 22.80–36.00 wt.%, respectively. In 
contrast, alkali and alkaline-earth oxides, particularly Na₂O and CaO, are markedly 
depleted, reflecting extensive leaching during prolonged chemical weathering. The 
Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) varies from 71.25 to 98.76, with an average of 
90.99, while the Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) ranges from 98.94 to 99.99, 
averaging 99.88. These values indicate advanced weathering intensity and extensive 
kaolinization of the parent rocks. Trace-element distributions and elemental ratios, 
including elevated Al₂O₃/TiO₂ values and variable concentrations of Zr, Rb, Sr, Cr, and 
Ni, suggest derivation from felsic to quartz-rich metasedimentary protoliths rather 
than mafic sources. The elevated SiO₂ content reflects quartz dilution, whereas Fe₂O₃ 
and TiO₂ concentrations indicate that some samples may require beneficiation for high
brightness applications. The Getso deposit is interpreted as a residual in-situ 
weathering product of mica schist and psammitic schist, formed under prolonged 
tropical weathering conditions. The kaolin exhibits significant potential for ceramic, 
refractory, and filler industries, although beneficiation may be necessary for paper 
coating, pharmaceutical, and other high-whiteness applications.