The Role of Candida Species in Superficial Mycoses Among Patients in Bauchi State, Nigeria.

Abstract

Cutaneous candidiasis is a superficial fungal infection predominantly caused by Candida albicans. 
Despite its global burden, data on its prevalence and associated risk factors in Bauchi State, Nigeria, 
remain limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of cutaneous candidiasis 
among patients with superficial mycoses at the Infectious Disease Hospital Bayara, Bauchi State. A 
cross-sectional study was conducted involving 312 patients with superficial mycoses. Skin scrapings 
were collected and processed for mycological investigations. Plates containing SDA were inoculated 
with the sample, and incubated at 350C for 2 to 7 days. The fungal growths were identified using 
colony morphology, and microscopically using lactophenol cotton blue preparation. Further 
identification was done by sub-culturing the organisms on corn meal agar, germ tube test and 
chromagar Candida. A structured questionnaire was administered to assess potential risk factors. Data 
were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to determine significant associations. 
The overall prevalence of cutaneous candidiasis among the patients was 12.5%, with Candida albicans 
(10.9%) being the predominant species. Males (7.05%) had a slightly higher prevalence than females 
(5.45%). Adults (25–64 years) exhibited the highest prevalence (5.45%), while children and 
adolescents had the lowest (0.64%). The infection was more prevalent in rural residents (8.0%) and 
low-income individuals (9.9%). Among the risk factors assessed, only wearing tight or non-breathable 
clothing (p = 0.036) and a history of prior fungal infections (p < 0.001) were significantly associated 
with high prevalence of cutaneous candidiasis among the patients. The study identified tight clothing 
and a history of fungal infections as key risk factors of the infection among the patients, emphasizing 
the need for public health awareness targeting risk groups.